tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22929997476160818932024-03-05T02:38:27.899-08:00Coromandel Our Backyard
Towards Holistic ConservationKereruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14194469166777162511noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2292999747616081893.post-44234880213097421812018-02-23T16:18:00.000-08:002018-02-23T16:18:20.446-08:00OIA request re lack of emergency response planning over storage of 23,700kg 1080 bait in the Whitianga CBD<h2>
<br />
<br /><time datetime="2018-02-24T12:46:48+13:00" title="2018-02-24 12:46:48 +1300">February 24, 2018</time>
</h2>
Dear Penny Loomb,<br />
Thank you for your letter of 9th January 2018 saying you would
forward my letter on to the Whitianga Operations Manager for "his
information".<br />
<br />
I have not had any reply nor have I heard back that it has been received.<br />
<br />
Could you please forward the following questions to the Whitianga Operations Manager? Thank you Penny.<br />
<br />
Dear Operations Manager of Whitianga DoC,<br />
When I asked DoC under the Official Information Act to send me the
emergency management plan for the storiage of 23,700kg of 1080 baits, I
was sent the MSDS - Manufacturer's Safety Data Sheet for the 0.15%1080
possum baits.<br />
<br />
In the MSDS it stated that in the event of a fire, the combustion of
sodium monofluoroacetate would produce extremely toxic hydrogen fluoride
gas. If this happened the firemen would have to be wearing full
breathing apparatus.<br />
<br />
Yet DoC stated to me that they were "not required" to inform the local fire department!<br />
<br />
When toxic baits caught fire in a Murupara warehouse in 2009, the
fire brigade not knowing of the bait storage, attended the fire and 18
people were hospitalised from inhaling toxic smoke.<br />
<br />
I find it incomprehensible that DoC managers of this operation would
not have done a risk-assessment and prepared a proper emergency response
plan given the known risks described in the MSDS.<br />
<br />
One can only conclude that DoC did not want anyone to know about this
4 month storage of 1080. In other words, the managers decided that this
would be secret, and informed no-one, including the TCDC, the Community
Council, adjacent residences even the co-tenants of the building. Is
this correct?<br />
<br />
Question 1 ( under OIA)
<br />Whom did you inform about the storage of the ecotoxic baits in the Liquor King building? ( from June 8th to October 17th )<br />
<br />
<br />
Question 2 ( under OIA)
<br />When you read the MSDS, why did you not prepare an emergency
response plan knowing that in the worst case scenario of a warehouse
fire, extremely toxic gas ( hydrogen fluoride) would be produced,
requiring evacuation of anyone in its path?<br />
<br />
<br />
Question 3 ( under OIA)
<br />When you read the MSDS, you would have read that firemen attending a
fire of the baits would have to be trained in the use of breathing
apparatus. Why did you not check with the fire chief that they had that
equipment and that his staff were trained in the use of breathing
apparatus?<br />
<br />
<br />
It is not responsible to simply dismiss my questions as fear-mongering .<br />
<br />
Every organisation has to have health and safety and emergency plans
for a worst-case scenario. School teachers when taking students on a
walk or a school trip have to do a Risk-Assessment and plan for
contingencies. Managing hazardous substances such as 23,700 kg of Class
A1 ecotoxic baits carries with it a huge responsibility for health and
safety. Especially it being stored in the middle of a town.<br />
<br />
<br />
Under the Health and Safety at Work ( Hazardous Substances)
Regulations 2017 from December 1st 2017, you are most certainly required
have to have an emergency response plan.<br />
<br />
The HSNO Controls for Sodium fluroroacetate cereal-based pellets state the following:<br />
You need an emergency response plan.
<br />Refer to the Emergency Preparation section of Your Practical Guide.
<br />You need to refer to the safety data sheets for your substances to
find out what personal protective equipment people using each substance
need to wear. Also refer to the Keep Safe with Hazardous Substances
section of Your Practical Guide.Under HSE, all substances require the
use of protective clothing.
<br />You need secondary containment.<br />
<br />
<br />
Under the Official Information Act, I expect to receive a reply within 20 days, else I may complain to the Ombudsman.<br />
Yours sincerely,<br />
S C McKeeKereruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14194469166777162511noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2292999747616081893.post-36854161565006983642018-01-27T18:29:00.001-08:002018-01-27T19:20:29.257-08:00Kereruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14194469166777162511noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2292999747616081893.post-9473826875848295562017-08-12T03:11:00.001-07:002018-01-27T18:16:41.014-08:00FULL TEXT of LETTER to the ATTORNEY GENERAL re UNLAWFULNESS OF AERIAL 1080<style type="text/css">h5 { margin-top: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }h5.western { font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; }h5.cjk { font-family: "SimSun"; }h5.ctl { font-family: "Mangal"; }p { margin-bottom: 0.21cm; direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }p.western { font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; }p.cjk { font-family: "SimSun"; font-size: 12pt; }p.ctl { font-family: "Mangal"; font-size: 12pt; }a:link { }</style>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Secretary</span></span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Manu
Waiata Restoration & Protection Society</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Registered
office: 2225 Wyuna Bay Road</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Coromandel
3581.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">10
August 2017</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Hon
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><i><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Christopher
Finlayson QC</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></i><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Attorney
General</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Parliament
Buildings</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Wellington</span></span></div>
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</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">cc
Hon Te Ururoa Flavell, Hon Ron Mark, Mr Chai Chuah, Ms Michelle
Hippolite</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Dear
Attorney General ,</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Please
may I have your urgent attention. Department of Conservation plans to
spread VTA 1080 over Coromandel's public conservation lands in
September and October 2017. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
operation as planned does not comply with provisions of the Treaty
of Waitangi Act 1975, the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms
(HSNO) Act 1996, the Health Act 1956, the Health (Drinking water)
Amendment Act 2007, and the Communications Guideline for aerial
operations (ERMA 2009). </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
September--October operation will be unlawful.</span></span></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Aerial
poisoning is normally intended for remote and inaccessible terrain
where human health does not need to be protected. The Peninsula's
Public Conservation Lands are ringed by farms, roads, schools, and
coastal settlements and are frequented by local families, hunters,
trampers, and tourists. </span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Poisoned
carcasses</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
do not rot, because fluoroacetate kills the maggots. DOC staff clear
carcasses only from designated tracks and the lower reaches of
streams. Long after the forests are re-opened to the public, heavy
rain rolls poisoned carcasses down gully sides into streams that
flow to coastal settlements and coastal roads. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Contamination
of water and water supplies is a harm that can not be remedied in
settled areas.</span></b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Even
with waxed baits, dust generated from the helicopter bucket is blown
by the wind beyond buffer zones. Two women from Reefton are
suffering long term health impairment after being caught in an
aerial drop on a roadway in 2014 </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
1</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Dust
is a harm that cannot be managed in settled areas.</span></b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Trap
monitoring results suggest possum numbers are not high enough to
justify an expensive and non-complying poisoning operation. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
very low rtci return for possums at Papakai, with town water
supplies sourced from its streams, together with its close
settlements and strong public preference for trapping, should invite
rethinking the necessity for an aerial operation, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Trapping</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
is a viable alternative for the Coromandel Peninsula. The ranges
have been logged, mined, burnt and farmed. The forests are largely
second growth. A fit person can walk over the range in a day, or up
and over Moehau mountain in a day. Moehau is networked with tracks
established for trapping in the 2000s when trapping produced the
best rate of kiwi chick survival, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
3.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Targeted
management by trapping has community support. Audits show that
trapping is cheaper than aerial poisoning, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
4.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
purpose of the Treaty of Waitangi Act, to protect the relationship
of Maori with their flora and fauna, is discussed under the HASNO
Act, the Health Act, and the Communications guideline for aerial
1080 operations (2009). Hauraki Maori place great emphasis on
protecting the purity of water and the safety of their food basket.
These values are not protected by aerial poisoning. Maori have been
vocal in advocating trapping.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
purpose of the HSNO Act is to manage the adverse effects of
hazardous substances. The paragraphs that follow demonstrate that
the adverse effects of aerial 1080 cannot be managed on the
Coromandel Peninsula. They can be prevented by using hunting and
trapping. </span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
purpose of s69 of the Health (Drinking water) Amendment Act 2007 is
to protect the health and safety of people and communities by
promoting adequate supplies of safe and wholesome drinking water
from all drinking-water supplies. The paragraphs that follow
demonstrate that water supplies cannot be protected during aerial
operations on the Coromandel peninsula. They can be protected by
using hunting and trapping.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
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<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Secretary</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Manu
Waiata Restoration & Protection Society</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Registered
office: 2225 Wyuna Bay Ro</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Coromandel
3581. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
<div align="center" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES AND NEW ORGANISMS ACT</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ol><ol><ol><ol><ol>
<li>
<h5 align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; margin-top: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">1. HSNO
s.4. Purpose of Act</span></span></h5>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
purpose of this Act is to protect the environment, and the health
and safety of people and communities, </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">by
preventing or managing the adverse effects of hazardous substances
</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">and
new organisms.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">1080
baits contain the poison fluoroacetate. Fluoroacetate does not leave
the environment, </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
5.</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
It is absorbed by the sap of plants and the fluids of animals. It is
eco-toxic that is, it poisons everything that breathes air. In aerial
distribution the dust settles on the foliage that insects eat; the
baits fall into the clefts of trees where pigeons drink, and onto the
ground where insects, frogs, birds eat the baits, and into the
streams where koura take the baits and eels and trout eat poisoned
carcasses. </span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> 1080
poisons introduced predators along with native flora and fauna. Rats
increase their population faster than native birds. The adverse
effects of 1080 when spread aerially are random and uncontrollable.
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
effects can not be managed. They can only be prevented by use of a
different method.</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">2. HSNO
s.5 </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Principles
relevant to purpose of Act</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this Act
shall, to achieve the purpose of this Act, recognise and provide for
the following principles: (a)</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> the
safeguarding of the life-supporting capacity of air, water, soil,
and ecosystems</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">:
</span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Mono
fluoroacetate spread aerially is absorbed by water, soil, and
eco-systems; the dust is carried in the air. It poisons, kills, and
debilitates life forms. It weakens the mauri / wellbeing of
ecosystems.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">3. HSNO
s.5 </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Principles
relevant to purpose of Act</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this Act
shall, to achieve the purpose of this Act, recognise and provide for
the following principles: (b) the maintenance and enhancement
of </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">the
capacity of people and communities to provide for their own
economic, social, and cultural well-being</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
and for the reasonably foreseeable needs of future generations.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">1080
poisons the food basket of Maori. On the Coromandel Peninsula wild
food is significant in Maori diets. Pig hunters report that after the
aerial 1080 drops on Moehau and Papakai in 2013, the wild pigs became
emaciated and lost weight, It is known from scientific studies that
1080 has entered the food chain. Health warnings have been issued
against eating pigs, eels, trout, watercress and puha following 1080
drops. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
6.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">4. HSNO
s.6. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Matters
relevant to purpose of Act</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this Act
shall, to achieve the purpose of this Act, take into account the
following matters: (a) </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">the
sustainability of all native and valued introduced flora and fauna:
</span></u></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">(b) the
intrinsic value of ecosystems: </span></u></span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Aerial
1080 kills native birds and rats and possums indiscriminately. The
rat population numbers recover faster than the native bird
populations, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
7.</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
It is foreseeable that repeated applications of aerial poisons will
advantage rat populations and disadvantage bird populations. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Pigs
and eels are valued fauna of Maori. Pigs and eels scavange the
poisoned carcasses of possums, rats and mice and absorb the poison
into their flesh. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Native
flora and fauna weakened by poisoning are susceptible to disease.
Targeted trapping avoids random killing of native biota and avoids
secondary poisoning. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">5. HSNO
s.6. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Matters
relevant to purpose of Act</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this Act
shall, to achieve the purpose of this Act, take into account the
following matters: (c) </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">public
health</span></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">:</span></span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">1080
is entering the food chain. Scientific reports that have found 1080
in eels, watercress and puha have issued heath warnings against
consuming these foods following aerial poisoning, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
6.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Scientific
studies report weight loss in eels </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
8</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
and pig hunters report weight loss in pigs, following scavenging of
poisoned carcasses. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
Coromandel ranges are the water tank of the Coromandel peninsula.
Helicopter flight paths cross hundreds of hidden streams as they drop
poison baits. Poisoned carcasses and baits in the bush and in streams
endanger public health. This aspect of aerial poisoning has not been
addressed in the operations planned for September and October 2017.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">6. HSNO
s.8 </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Treaty
of Waitangi</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising powers and functions under this Act shall take
into account the principles of th</span></u></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">e
</span></u></span></span><span style="color: navy; font-size: small;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1996/0030/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM435834"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Treaty
of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi)</span></span></span></a></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">7. and
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">HSNO
s.6. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Matters
relevant to purpose of Act</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this Act
shall, to achieve the purpose of this Act, take into account the
following matters: (d) </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">the
relationship of Maori and their culture and traditions with their
ancestral lands, water, sites, waahi tapu, valued flora and fauna,
and other taonga:</span></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">DOC
Hauraki made the decision to use aerial 1080 for predator control in
January 2017 and sent out letters to iwi informing them of this
decision. Iwi were notified, not consulted, on the decision to use
aerial poisoning. In the Treaty, the Crown agreed to recognise Maori
rangatiratanga over the flora and fauna they value.</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
No one was offered options for control in 2013 and 2017. No hui were
held to discuss alternative means. DOC's planning proceedures usurped
and failed to protect Maori rangatiratanga. </span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Maori
gathered and ate a very wide range of plants found in the forests of
the public conservation lands. Scientific studies have found that
1080 is moving through the food chain, through direct and secondary
poisoning. </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
6</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Eels
and pigs are poisoned by eating poisoned possums.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Maori
did not wastefully and randomly kill their game. The distribution of
1080 is not consistent with traditional kawa and tikanga practices of
many hapu; it is not supported by tohunga and generally is not
supported by the older kaumatua of Hauraki.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Letters from hapu and iwi
in 2013 and 2017 have advised DOC of Maori opposition to aerial
poisoning. A kaumatua</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
wrote, "I would also like to state that we the tangata whenua of
Hauraki, see the use of 1080 as an absolute breach of tikanga and a
direct violation (takahi) of M</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori
rituals and practices." </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Dr
Koro Ngapo, Te Paea Marae ki Harataunga, 30 May 2017</span></span></span></i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">S6(d)
provides Maori with statutory protection for their relationship with
the flora and fauna they value. However, the relationship of Maori
with their food basket is not protected by use of aerial poisoning.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
Plans to use aerial 1080 in September-October 2017 need to be changed
to use of hunting and trapping.</span></b></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">8. HSNO
s.6. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Matters
relevant to purpose of Act</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this Act
shall, to achieve the purpose of this Act, take into account the
following matters:(e) </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">the
economic and related benefits and costs of using a particular
hazardous substance or new organism</span></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">:
</span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">In
2004 an audit put the cost of aerial 1080 at around $56/ha without
including costs for associated works and labour. Hunters and trappers
contracted for $16/ha, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
3</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
Aerial 1080 operations are expensive, hazardous to public health,
opposed by the public, and generate adverse effects that cannot be
remedied. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">9. HSNO
s.6. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Matters
relevant to purpose of Act</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this Act
shall, to achieve the purpose of this Act, take into account the
following matters: (f)</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> New
Zealand's international obligations</span></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
</span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">New
Zealand is a contracting party to the Convention on Biological
Diversity 1992. The Convention is legally binding. </span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Article 10 of the
Convention reflects concern that conservation legislation should not
prevent indigenous people from harvesting traditional resources. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Each
Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate: (c)
</span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><u><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Protect
and encourage customary use of biological resources </span></span></u></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">in
accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible
with conservation or sustainable use requirements</span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Most
Coromandel iwi desire to trap for fur and hunt for meat, and need
game to be free of poison. Customary treatment of pigs as game
animals is recognised by Regional Council. DOC has a working
relationship with Coromandel pig hunting clubs for control of wild
pigs, but the Clubs were not invited to participate in DOC's planning
and consultation for the September -- October operations.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">10. HSNO
s.7. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Precautionary
approach</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">All
persons exercising functions, powers, and duties under this
Act...</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">shall
take into account the need for caution in managing adverse effects
where there is scientific and technical uncertainty about those
effects</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">In
1966 a concrete worker died from 0.3 gms of 1080. In 1995 a Maori
child ate a bait dropped 130m from a dwelling at Otukou. In 2014,
1080 baits were dropped on two women on a road at Maori Gully,
Reefton. A year later both were still ill. One woman had liver and
thyroid damage, medically attested (NZ Herald, 29 June 2015).
Typically as observed in pigs and eels that have absorbed 1080, she
had lost weight. The women will have breathed in the poison dust that
falls with 1080 baits. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Following
the findings that trout were eating mice poisoned by a 1080 drop in
2014, </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">DOC
commissioned independent research into the risk, finding 1080 levels
in trout flesh were significantly higher than recognised food safety
guidelines.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> "</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Fish
& Game New Zealand chief executive Bryce Johnson said the results
were "not a good look" for New Zealand's so-called 100 per
cent pure environmental brand ...and </span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">called
for further research to provide a more accurate picture of the
possible risks.</span></i></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">"
The Press, 26 September 2014.</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">A
letter from the Coromandel Pig Hunting Club to DOC Hauraki stated,
"</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
debilitated state of some of the pigs after the 2013 operation and
the death of several dogs which were fed on such pigs, suggests that
the pigs may be absorbing sub-lethal doses of 1080. This has NOT been
researched.</span></i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">"
F Mock Johnstone, Secretary, 7 June 2017.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
distances that 1080 dust has travelled, where the dust falls, the
effects of dust inhaled, the ways in which sub-lethal poisoning is
occuring, how 1080 is entering the food chain, have not been
adequately researched. Caution has not been exercised in chosing the
appropriate method for predator control.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">11. HSNO
s.13 General Duty</span></b></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
(1) </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Every
person who</span></b></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
imports, possesses, or </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">uses</span></b></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
a hazardous substance</span></b></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
or new organism </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">shall
ensure that— (a) </span></b></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">any
adverse effect</span></b></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
caused by an act or omission of that person in relation to that
substance or organism </span></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><u><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">on
any other person or the environment is avoided, remedied, or
mitigated</span></b></u></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
</span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Apart
from along well trodden paths, DOC staff do not remove baits and
poisoned carcasses from the bush before the public conservation lands
are re-opened to public use. Carcasses poisoned by 1080 do not break
down. Poisoning of water supplies over the long term is an effect
that cannot be avoided, remedied, mitigated when an aerial method is
used.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Poison
dust generated in the distribution of 1080 pellets is causing long
term human health problems, medically attested, </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
1. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Buffer
zones in DOC's planning for the September--October operations do not
take into account wind blown dust. Some landowners have advised DOC
that the buffers are inadequate.</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Inhalation
of dust is seriously detrimental to human health. Wind blown dust is
an effect that cannot be predicted and cannot be avoided when 1080 is
spread by helicopter. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">In
the Mahakirau Forest Estate subdivision, there is no certainty that
helicopter flight paths spreading 1080 toxin will avoid pellets
falling near dwellings, and no certainty that wind blown dust will
not be inhaled by residents. The Mahakirau plan is unrealistic and
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">unlawful
under NSNO s13</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
Inevitably there will be adverse effects on residents that are not</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
avoided, remedied, mitigated. The operation should not be granted
permission.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Trapping
does not generate harm to other people. The success of predator
control by trapping in the Mahakirau subdivision, has been acclaimed
in the local press (Hauraki Herald, 26 May 2017).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</span></div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
<div align="center" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">HEALTH
(DRINKING WATER) AMENDMENT ACT 2007</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">11. s.69A
Purpose </span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(1)
The purpose of this Part is to protect the health and safety of </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> people
and communities by promoting adequate supplies of safe and wholesome</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">
drinking water from all drinking-water supplies.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.25cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.25cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM969875"></a>
<dfn><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">s.
69G drinking water</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></dfn><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">—</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(a)
means—(i) water that is potable;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.25cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.25cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM969863"></a>
<span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">s.69G
</span></b></span></span></span></span><dfn><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">contamination</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></dfn><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> means,—
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(a)
in relation to raw water that does not normally require treatment to
be suitable for use as drinking water, the introduction of a
substance or organism into that water or a source of that water,
which—(i) makes that water unpalatable or unsuitable for human
consumption; or (ii) requires that water to be treated to make it
palatable or suitable for human consumption; and (b) in relation to
raw water that normally requires treatment to become suitable for use
as drinking water, the introduction of a substance or organism into
that water or a source of that water, which makes that water
unpalatable or unsuitable for human consumption, without intensified,
or enhanced, or alternative, drinking-water treatment to make it
palatable or suitable for human consumption</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.25cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">s.69ZZO.
Contamination of raw water or pollution of water supply </span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.25cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(1)
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">Every
person commits an offence who does any act likely to contaminate any
raw water or pollute any drinking water, knowing that the act is
likely to contaminate or pollute that water, or being reckless as to
the consequences of that act</span></u></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Helicopters
flying along fixed lines above rugged forest while spreading aerial
1080 baits, cannot avoid dropping 1080 poison baits into tributary
streams. This is an act of contamination and pollution of the water,
regardless of whether the stream is a water supply. Maori place great
importance on protecting the purity of water.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">HEALTH
ACT 1956</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<ol><ol><ol><ol><ol start="2">
<li>
<h5 align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">12. Health
Act 1956. s.29 </span></b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Nuisances
defined for purposes of this Act. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">a
nuisance shall be deemed to be created (k) where any animal, or
any carcass or part of a carcass, is so kept or allowed to
remain as to be offensive or likely to be injurious to health</span></span></u></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">:
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">s.
30 Penalties for permitting or causing nuisances </span></b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(1)
Every person </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">by
whose act, default, or sufferance a nuisance arises or
continues</span></u></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
whether that person is or is not the owner or occupier of the
premises in respect of which the nuisance exists, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">commits
an offence against this Act</span></u></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span lang="en-NZ"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h5>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
plan by the Department of Conservation to leave poisoned carcasses
uncollected, is an unlawful activity and abhorrent to Maori. Maori
practising tikanga do not allow guts to enter a stream. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">COMMUNICATIONS
GUIDELINE FOR AERIAL OPERATIONS (2009)</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">14.
The VTA permission forms require Department of Conservation officers
to state they have complied with the requirements of the
Communications guideline for aerial 1080 operations (2009). The
Guideline describes three steps of communication</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></u></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><b>STEP
1. </b></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Consultation
on the options for control and their effects.</span></u></span></b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">In
2013 and 2017 DOC officers made a decision to advertise aerial 1080
operations </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">before</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
beginning consultation with iwi and community groups, demonstrating
that DOC did not intend to offer options for control. This is
testified in numerous letters sent by hap</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ū</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
members to the Hauraki Director and the Director General of
Conservation. There have been no hui or public gatherings where DOC
staff have offered options for control.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">STEP
2. </span></span></span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><b>Consultation
on the effects of the operation</b>.</span></span></u></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Consultation
has consisted largely of notifying people of decisions already made,
discussing buffer zones, and identifying water takes. Letters to DOC
Hauraki have not been answered and no public meetings or hui have
been held.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">None
of the established community groups has been consulted. We have been
kaitiaki of this environment for many decades. There has been no
account taken of the effects of using aerial 1080 from the
perspective of our missions: Forest&Bird (forests, wetlands,
trapping), Manu Waiata (streams, fish passage, trapping advocacy),
Kuaotunu Environmental Action (food forestry, trapping without
poisons), the Pig Hunting Clubs (culling pigs, trapping), and the
Coromandel Colville Community Board (community resolutions opposing
aerial 1080 and supporting trapping).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: red;">STEP
3.</span></span></span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><b>
Notification</b>. </span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Communication
has been primarily by advertisements and letters of notification.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">15.
The Guideline states, "</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
operations manager needs to establish the communication processes
that are appropriate for the proposed operation</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">".
</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">No
hui have been held. In DOC's 2013 permission application the
individuals listed as being consulted on behalf of Maori did not hold
hui with their hapu, and many hapu members did not know they had been
spoken for. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">DOC's
lack of consultation with Maori was a subject of National News in
2013, </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
9.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">16.
The Guideline states, "</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">When
consulting with M</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori,
you need to take into account Section 6(d) of the HSNO Act: 'The
relationship of M</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori
and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water,
sites, waahi tapu, valued flora and fauna, and other taunga'</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.".
</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">The
public conservation lands intended for aerial poisoning operations in
2013 and 2017, are domains where M</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori
hunt game and gather materials. Kaum</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">tua
and iwi and hap</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ū</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
trusts have made known their strong opposition to the poisoning of
the food basket. Scientific studies have reported traces of 1080 in
foods eaten by M</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori.
Health warnings have been issued for pigs, eels, trout, watercress
and puha following aerial poisoning operations. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">M</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori
tikanga for reaching decisions was not observed in 2013 and 2017. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">17.
The Guideline states, "</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Notification
on its own is not sufficient communication if an operation is taking
place on public land. On public land, M</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori,
neighbours and hunting groups should be consulted either at a
programme level or at minimum, at an operational level.</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">"
</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">In
2013 and 2017 there have been no hui initiated by DOC to discuss
options for predator control that could ensure safe use of public
conservation lands by M</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori,
hunters, and local families (neighbours). </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">There
is widespread support for trapping. Consultation at a program level
would have identified concerns, and then </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">options
for control should have been offered.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">On
16 June 2017 M</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori
and P</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">keh</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
published an Open Letter in the Hauraki Herald stating that
Department of Conservation does not have a social licence for aerial
1080. People repeatedly said, We have not been consulted. DOC has
trodden on our democratic right to decide on predator control in our
own landscape. DOC has trodden on our rangatiratanga.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</span></div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
<div align="center" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">CONSULTATION
WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">18.
Moehau and Papakai public conservation lands are in the Coromandel
Colville ward. Coromandel Colville Community Board has resolutions
passed in 2007, 2009, 2011, 2017 opposing use of 1080 and supporting
alternative methods such as hunting and trapping with cyanide only.
Thames Coromandel District Council has resolutions passed in 2009
supporting the Community Board and advocating possum trapping for
fur.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> DOC
officers did not offer to local government options for control in
2013 and 2017. Democratic process invites respect for local
government. However, DOC has not consulted the Community Board.</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">On
16 June 2017 M</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori
and P</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">keh</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
published an Open Letter in the Hauraki Herald stating that
Department of Conservation does not have a social licence to use
aerial 1080 on Coromandel's Public conservation Lands.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="justify" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> On
29 July 2017 M</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ori
and P</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">keh</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
marched at Whitianga to protest against aerial poisoning. Speakers
from tangata whenua, political parties and local government addressed
the marchers. This was the only public meeting on the 1080 drops.
Department of Conservation did not send a speaker. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTES</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
1</span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">1080
baits were dropped on two women on Maori Gully Road near Reefton in
June 2014. Ten months later both were still ill, it is assumed from
inhaling the dust. One woman had liver and thyroid damage, ongoing
nausea and digestive problems, and typically, as has been observed in
pigs and eels that have absorbed 1080, she had lost weight.
(Greymouth Star, 22 September 2014. NZ Herald, 29 June 2015)</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>NOTE
2</b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">.
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">DOC's
objective is to reduce possums to 5% rtci. </span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> MOEHAU.
Monitoring of possums at Moehau in October 2016 recorded an rtci of
6.27% (Department of Conservation, Trend report for Moehau 2016,
p.44). For the sake of reducing possums by 1.27% the Department has
planned an expensive and risky aerial operation that may cause
greater losses to native biota. </span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> PAPAKAI.
The rtci for possums and rats was not known when the decision to use
aerial 1080 on Papakai was made in January 2017. Subsequently,
monitoring of possums at Papakai in February 2017 returned an rtci of
5.15% (Department of Conservation, Trend report for Papakai, 2017,
p.21). An expensive aerial operation is to be undertaken for the sake
of reducing possums by 0.15%.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">90%
of the public support trapping for predator control and 34% support
aerial poisoning (IPSOS, Survey of New Zealanders, report for
Department of Conservation, 2016). </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
3</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
Trapping is cost effective.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">A</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">udits
demonstrate that employing trappers is cheaper than conducting an
aerial operation. For example, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Hudson
calculated the cost of the Hokonui aerial 1080 drop on 23 and 24 July
2004 at</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
$56.40/ha, </span></span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">compared
with a quote from hunters and trappers of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">$16/ha
</span></span></u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">for
ground-based predator control. The cost at $56.40/ha did not include
the costs of helicopter hours, stand-by helicopter, digger and 2
graders to upgrade road, freight on baits, 24 hour security patrol,
Insurance, resource consents hearing, administration by three bodies,
consultation meetings and hui with locals (Animal Health Board,
Project No: R-10573 (LC0203/107)).</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">In
2010 an audit of Animal Health Board for Cabinet, costed aerial 1080
at around </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">$57/ha</span></span></u></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
(Bovine Tb Strategy Review of Costs, July 2010, Table 3.4, p.21) of
which $35/ha was control + survey (p.22).</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</span></div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
4</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
Trapping succeeds.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="border: medium none; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1cm; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Possums
were hunted and trapped on Moehau successfully, in the 1990s. From
1996-2007 Project Kiwi ran a successful trapping project on the
Kuaotunu Peninsula. The project enhanced kiwi chick survival rate by
around 50% per annum. Following Project Kiwi's template, Department
of Conservation ran a successful stoat trappping programme on Moehau
in the 2000s. “A simple recipe of predator trapping backed by kiwi
chick survival monitoring, and hard work on the hill has produced
this exceptional result, along with valuable knowledge of kiwi.”
(Hauraki Conservator, John Gaukrodger quoted in </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Hauraki
Herald</span></span></i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
June 2007, and in </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Coromandel
Town Chronicle</span></span></i></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
August 2013, p.28.). </span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
5</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">How
the chemistry of 1080 works</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: blue;">What
is 1080?</span> </span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">1080
is Sodium monofluoroacetate CH2FCOONa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></i></span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> <span style="color: blue;">Does
1080 occur naturally?</span> </span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">No.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">What
makes 1080 so toxic? </span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">It
is the monofluoracetate ion (CH2FCOO-) which is toxic, the sodium ion
(Na+) is irrelevant. Monofluoroacetate is toxic because it is the
same shape and almost the same size as the acetate ion. When
monofluoroacetate gets into a cell it is converted into
monofluorocitrate and enters the citric acid cycle (how aerobic cells
get energy). Unfortunately for the cell, fluorocitrate interferes
with the enzymes that do the next step in the cycle. The cycle stops,
the cell dies.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: blue;">Does
monofluoroacetate occur naturally?</span> </span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Yes.
It is, however, potassium monofluoroacetate (CH2FCOOK) which is found
naturally occurring. As with 1080 (CH2FCOONa) the potassium ion (K+)
is irrelevant, it is the monofluoroacetate- ion which is toxic. There
are three possible fluoroacetate ions with 1, 2 and 3 fluorine atoms
(monofluoroacetate CH2FCOO-, difluoroacetate CHF2COO-, and
trifluoroacetate CF3COO-). All three forms of fluoroacetate are
equally toxic and it makes no difference to toxicity whether the
source is natural or manufactured.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Forest
& Bird Society, DoC, et.al., insist on claiming a natural source
for fluoroacetate. This is to IMPLY a greater safety because
fluoroacetate is “naturally occurring” that trades on the
persistent, unsubstantiated belief held by the public at large that
natural is “good” synthetic is “bad”. This is spin.</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: blue;">Is
1080 biodegradeable?</span> </span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Yes.
Almost everything is, it is simply a question of how fast and by what
process. IUPAC definition: “Degradation caused by enzymic process
resulting from the action of cells”.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> By
this definition, 1080 is biodegradable. 1080 is stable below 200˚C
except when it is ingested by a living cell -- any aerobic cell will
do, like the cells you and I are made up of, or the cells of a
morepork or rat or frog or dolphin, insect, bird, tree etc.</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> There
are a few an-aerobic species which are able to degrade 1080 without
visible harm. However, most of the 1080 dropped will eventually
encounter a susceptible living cell which will ingest it, and attempt
to metabolise it. Most of these cells will themselves be damaged or
killed. Killing and damaging cells is not good for the environment.</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Once
a cell is dead, all enzymatic processes stop and any remaining
fluoroacetate or its metabolite fluorocitrate will stop being
degraded, leaving poisoned carcasses uncollected, each one capable of
poisoning and/or killing the next scavenger.</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Again,
DoC et.al., insisting on describing 1080 as "biodegradable 1080”
is spin, because it trades upon the commonly held belief that
“biodegradable” is “good”. Biodegradable ONLY by damaging or
killing cells is NOT “good”.</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Fluoroacetate
does occur in nature in a few species of plant probably as a defence
against browsing. These plants are native to land masses which
originally made up part of Gondwanaland, Australia, Africa and Latin
America. None of these plants are native to NZ.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> Animals
can develop a tolerance for specific toxins when they evolve in the
presence of those toxins particularly if they are folivores like the
Australian Brushtail Possum. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Thomas
Look</span></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
6</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
Health warnings.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">"</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">A
withholding period of 30 - 38 days should be observed after any
aerial 1080 operation in an area where puha may be in close vicinity
to bait." (Miller et al, 2009)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">"</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">A
withholding period of 10 days should be observed before collecting
watercress after an aerial 1080 operation in the area." (Ogilvie
et al, 2009)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">"We
detected 1080 residues in eel tissue that were on average 12 times
higher than the PMAV, 1 day after eels consumed contaminated tissue.
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">This
suggests a withholding period for eel harvest after an aerial 1080
operation should be implemented." (Lyver et al, 2005)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Research
by DOC, the Federation of Freshwater Anglers, and Fish and Game New
Zealand showed trout take up small amounts of 1080 into their flesh
after eating mice infected with the poison."</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
Southland Times, 2 October 2014. </span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Cawthron
Research Institute commissioned by Department of Conservation
advised, "a trout eating a small number of mice with 1080 will
have traces of 1080 that potentially exceed New Zealand Food Safety
Authority limits for 1080 in food."</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Elaine
C. Murphy , B. Kay Clapperton , Philip M. F. Bradfield & Hazel J.
Speed (1998) Effects of rat poisoning operations on abundance and
diet of mustelids in New Zealand podocarp forests, New Zealand
Journal of Zoology, 25:4, 315-328. </span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Sweetapple,
P.; Nugent, G. 2007: Ship rat demography and diet following possum
control in a mixed podocarp-hardwood forest. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><i><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">New
Zealand Journal of Ecology </span></span></span></span></span></span></i><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">31:
186–201. “Mean ship rat abundance indices increased nearly
fivefold after possum control and remained high for up to 6 years…the
typical outcome for most pulsed possum control is an uncontrolled
ship rat population in the presence of a low-density possum
population for most of the 3-7 year cycle.” </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Innes,
J., Kelly, D., Overton, J.M. & Gillies, C. (2010) Predation and
other factors currently limiting New Zealand forest birds – a
review. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">New
Zealand Journal of Ecology</span></span></i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
34 , 86–114. “Intermittent control of possums and ship rats may
have the nett effect of increasing ship rats for most of the time.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">NOTE
8</span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
1080 residues in eels.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">P.O'B.
Lyver, J. Ataraia, K. Trought, P. Fisher, 2005, Sodium fluoroacetate
(1080) residues in longfin eels, Anguilla dieffenbachii, following
exposure to contaminated water and food. </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">New
Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research</span></span></i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
Vol. 39: 1243-1252</span> </span></span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="background: transparent;">NOTE
9</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: transparent;">.
Lack of consultation with Maori.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: transparent;">"Kaumatua
says iwi not consulted over 1080", Radio NZ News, 8.13pm, 3 May
2013. "A Ngati Pukenga kaumatua says the Department of
Conservation has not adequately consulted iwi over an upcoming 1080
drop....The chairman of Te Moana a Toi Leaders Forum, Awanui
Black...says his Coromandel whanau opposes the drop, but DOC does not
seem to be listening."</span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
Kereruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14194469166777162511noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2292999747616081893.post-63931330709364082702017-05-31T03:15:00.000-07:002018-01-27T19:19:40.708-08:00An Open Letter to all Members of the New Zealand Parliament <div class="intro-copy what">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZuj0-1gUYCNygyn9apu7ktgL_mpM8kyEYmF1u2ik9jIOntMRFfUme-CEYMzFvf18heWYALEl2ccPtNM3SGUO4PgU1Q_m5SRoXf0npyUmi_UAiPj7YJnoaVCNbHV32dNEEYWITz8qj9Do/s1600/open-letter-layout_5366-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="782" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZuj0-1gUYCNygyn9apu7ktgL_mpM8kyEYmF1u2ik9jIOntMRFfUme-CEYMzFvf18heWYALEl2ccPtNM3SGUO4PgU1Q_m5SRoXf0npyUmi_UAiPj7YJnoaVCNbHV32dNEEYWITz8qj9Do/s320/open-letter-layout_5366-1.jpg" width="312" /></a></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">We call for an immediate halt to the
planned aerial 1080 drops by Department of Conservation over Te Moengahau o Tametekapua and surrounding forests of Te Whai o te Ika, the Coromandel
Peninsula.</span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">DoC does not have the <a href="http://socialicense.com/definition.html">social licence</a> to carry out this operation. According to their own research, an increasing majority of New Zealanders find "aerial poisoning unacceptable". 90% of New Zealanders support trapping, 89% support hunting as a means of pest control. ( <a href="http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-us/our-role/managing-conservation/recreation-management/visitor-statistics-and-research/survey-of-new-zealanders/">IPSOS Survey 2016, p81-82</a>)</span><a name='more'></a></span></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmyfqd9FDg2ds4O2EyAhFgBaiPJCZlFTFLmxzMdPbjsQfLbkMrESyoipNbLVdk22QNzUK2UFg078rEFxDPtZhtdjZ5gVWVNoUBcXaDiOuTQom0UOt2Lgjh3UFDmJ7vmGovVdaNEfsMT64/s1600/Attitudes+to+DoC+Pest+Control+Methods+2016.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="1017" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmyfqd9FDg2ds4O2EyAhFgBaiPJCZlFTFLmxzMdPbjsQfLbkMrESyoipNbLVdk22QNzUK2UFg078rEFxDPtZhtdjZ5gVWVNoUBcXaDiOuTQom0UOt2Lgjh3UFDmJ7vmGovVdaNEfsMT64/s400/Attitudes+to+DoC+Pest+Control+Methods+2016.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></h2>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<h3 class="why-heading">
<span style="font-size: large;">Why is this important?</span></h3>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="why">
<span style="font-size: large;">This is important because many local people believe
that DoC is dismissing public resolutions and is sidestepping some Acts of Parliament.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The Department of Conservation has announced its intention to spread
the manufactured poison 1080 over Te Moengahau o Tametekapua and surrounding forests of Te Whai o te Ika, the Coromandel Peninsula, during
July to October 2017 (Hauraki Herald, 28 April).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Members of local hapu and local marae, landowners and local community
groups, have not been consulted and have not been offered options for
control. (1) For references, see the Footnotes below.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Trapping is the community's preferred method. (2) Trapping complies with the statutes. (3)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Many in our community challenge the poisoning of Coromandel forests. (4)</span><span style="font-size: large;"> DoC's own <a href="http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-us/our-role/managing-conservation/recreation-management/visitor-statistics-and-research/survey-of-new-zealanders/2016/">2016 research</a> shows that 61% of people find aerial dispersal of poisons <i>unacceptable</i>. Local people seek employment as trappers engaged to maintain
biodiversity, as harvesters of possum fur and meat for local industry,
as kaitiaki replanting berry-bearing trees and food forests.(5)
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />Bee keepers, practitioners of rongoa maori, pig hunters, possum fur
and meat trappers, cannot garner a living from poisoned forests. (6)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Farmers and hunters have witnessed the prolonged suffering of poisoned animals.(7)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Local people feel they should have a right to safe food and water.
Maori have a right to the guardianship of their taonga under the Treaty of Waitangi Act, 1975. (8)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Aerial 1080 kills randomly and inhumanely.(9)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">How many ruru, karearea, kahu, and tuna will die from eating poisoned
carcasses? How many native frogs will die from 1080 pollution? How
many streams will carry poisoned baits and poisoned carcasses into water
supplies? Does the 1080 dust affect the health of the forest biota?
DoC does not know the answers to these questions.(10)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Where there is scientific uncertainty, caution must be exercised
under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996. (11) We think
that caution is being ignored by DoC when 1080 is dispersed aerially
over forest ecosystems. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Guardianship of taonga, guaranteed under the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975, has been ignored. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The sentience of animals is recognised by the Animal Welfare Act 1999, but has been denied to animals classed as "pests". (12)</span><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">These are the reasons we are calling for a halt to the proposed 1080 drops this winter over Coromandel forests.</span></h2>
</div>
Kereruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14194469166777162511noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2292999747616081893.post-41198461975457583112017-05-31T02:59:00.002-07:002018-01-27T18:30:29.781-08:00References and Footnotes<style type="text/css">p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 120%; }p.western { font-family: "Liberation Serif","Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; }p.cjk { font-family: "Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; }p.ctl { font-family: "Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; }</style>
<br />
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <br />
Read on for all the references and footnotes:<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
<br />
(1)
The Communications Guidelines for Aerial 1080 Operations (2009) state
that consultation will include options for control (para 2.1), but
Coromandel communities were not given any options when Moehau and
Papakai forests were poisoned with 1080 in 2013. in 2017 DoC did not
consult anyone in the community before notifying the intention to
drop 1080 over four Coromandel forests.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(2)
Coromandel Colville Community Board resolutions of 2007, 2009, 2013,
2017 state that use of 1080 in the Coromandel-Colville Ward is
opposed, and support is given for alternative methods of pest
eradication eg; hunting, trapping and cyanide.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(3)
Trapping is targeted and kills what the trap is set to catch. Aerial
1080 is random and kills many native species, particularly eels,
falcons, hawks, and moreporks which prey on poisoned carcasses of
possums and rats. Death is prolonged and cruel. The adverse effects
of aerial 1080 on native wildlife are not avoided, remedied mitigated
as required by Resource Management Act 1991 s5(c).</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(4)
District Council and Community Board resolutions against aerial 1080
are a response to community submissions.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(5)
During logging of Coromandel forests, followed by clearance for gold
mining and burning for farming, hardwoods were largely removed. There
are not enough berry-bearing species left to seed the re-generating
rain forest. This can however be achieved by planting as the Kauri
2000 Trust is doing.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(6)
Animals and plants may absorb sub-lethal doses of 1080. After a
forest has been aerially poisoned, bees scavenge 1080 baits and
introduce the poison into their honey. Plants take up 1080 from the
soil and cannot be safely used for herbal medicines. Pigs eat
poisoned possum carcasses and are not considered safe game for six
months. Game meat from a poisoned forest cannot be used by local pet
food manufacturers.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(7)
The agony of animals poisoned by 1080 has been filmed many times.
Internal organs swell and burst out through body orifices. Death
takes many hours. To claim that death by 1080 is "moderately
humane" is simply wrong, based on the evidence. See this film : <a href="https://youtu.be/yQRuOj96CRs">https://youtu.be/yQRuOj96CRs</a></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(8)
The Treaty of Waitangi 1840 guaranteed to Maori te tino
rangatiratanga o o ratou whenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga
katoa. In case law, all native life forms are taonga of Maori.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(9)
Department of Conservation has warned anglers that trout caught
following 1080 drops should not be eaten. Bryce Johnson, CEO of
Fish&Game has remarked, “There is uncertainty around the
existing science. What we need is more robust scientific research to
be undertaken to establish once and for all what the risk is to
humans and freshwater species like trout and the best way to mitigate
that risk." Fishing, September 2016.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
(10)
Section 7, Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 :
Precautionary approach: "All persons exercising functions,
powers, and duties under this Act ... shall take into account the
need for caution in managing adverse effects where there is
scientific and technical uncertainty about those effects."
Section 7 link:
<a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1996/0030/latest/DLM382995.html">http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1996/0030/latest/DLM382995.html</a></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
(11)
<a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1999/0142/latest/whole.html#DLM49668">The Animal Welfare Act 1999 (a)(i</a>) recognises that animals are
sentient. Section 2 states: ".. pest means— (a) any animal in a wild state
that ... the Minister of Conservation declares, by notice in
the Gazette, to be a pest for the purposes of this Act...<br />
<span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
Kereruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14194469166777162511noreply@blogger.com